The involvement of antioxidant, stress, and immune-related genes in the responsive mechanisms of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to hypersalinity exposure

Salinity stress is one of the marked influencing factors on ecophysiology aquaculture and considered an important reason for retreat fish industry. The current study endeavor to elucidate molecular mechanisms that underlie response salinity in common carp. Fish (Average weight 5 ± 2 g) were randomly distributed into two groups; 1 st a control was exposed tap water (0.2 ppt salinity) nd treated hypersalinity (10 five days. Serum biochemical indicators including total protein, albumin, globulins, A/G ratio, blood glucose, cortisone, Na + , K Cl - levels evaluated. Besides, Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, corticotropin-releasing hormone, catalase enzyme mRNA expression assessed lymphoid immunocompetent organs (liver spleen) osmoregulatory (kidney gills) by using Real-time qPCR. Hypersalinity adversely affected markers; globulins decreased significantly; however, serum cortisol, sodium markedly increased compared with control. In addition, from point view, all evaluated genes upregulated at high rate liver other studied after challenge. On contrary, modulated immune-related (Tumor factor-α interleukin-1β) kidney spleen hormone except gills. conclusion, obtained data clarified liver, kidney, spleen, Furthermore, it strongly suggests implication neural, endocrine, immune systems responsive